Initial commit: ADSP-219x disassembler, docs, test ROMs, analysis tools
- Standalone Python disassembler for 24-bit ADSP-219x instructions - Complete instruction set reference (PDFs + extracted text) - Architecture documentation and getting-started guide - Test ROM generator with packed (3-byte) and padded (4-byte) formats - r2pipe-based analysis script for radare2 integration
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4 MAC INSTRUCTIONS
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Figure 4-0.
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Table 4-0.
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Listing 4-0.
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The instruction set provides MAC instructions for performing high-speed
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multiplication and multiply with cumulative add/subtract operations.
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MAC instructions include:
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• “Multiply” on page 4-8
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• “Multiply with Cumulative Add” on page 4-11
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• “Multiply with Cumulative Subtract” on page 4-14
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• “MAC Clear” on page 4-17
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• “MAC Round/Transfer” on page 4-19
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• “MAC Saturate” on page 4-21
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• “Generate MAC Status Only: NONE” on page 4-24
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This chapter describes the individual MAC instructions and the following
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related topics:
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• “MAC Input Registers” on page 4-2
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• “MAC Output Registers” on page 4-2
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• “Data Format Options” on page 4-3
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• “Status Flags” on page 4-7
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For details on condition codes and data input and output registers, see
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“Condition Codes” on page 9-11 and “Core Register Codes” on page
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9-13.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-1
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MAC Instructions
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MAC Input Registers
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All unconditional, single-function multiply and multiply with accumula-
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tive add or subtract instructions can use any DREG data register for the x
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and y input operands (for details, see “Core Register Codes” on page
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9-13). So, the program can use, for example, the ALU registers for the
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multiplication or shifter operations, without issuing a separate data move
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instruction. This capability simplifies register allocation in algorithm cod-
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ing. For example, using the DSP’s dual accumulator:
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SR = SR + MX0 * MY0 (SS);
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But in multifunction operations, you can use only certain registers for the
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x-input operand (AR, MX0, MX1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1) and the y-input
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operand ( MY0, MY1, SR1, 0).
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All conditional MAC instructions must use the restricted xop and yop data
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registers for the x and y input operands, or an xop register for the x-input
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and 0 for the y-input.
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MAC Output Registers
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All MAC instructions can use the multiplier MR output registers or the
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shifter SR output registers to receive the result of a multiplier operation.
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Availability of the shifter SR output registers for multiplier operations pro-
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vides dual accumulator functionality.
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When MR is the result register, results are directly available from MR0, MR1,
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or MR2 as the x-input operand into the very next multiplier operation.
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MR = MR + AX0 * AX0 (SS);
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When SR is the result register, the 16-bit value in SR1 (bits 31:16 of the
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40-bit result) is directly available as the y-input operand into the very next
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multiplier operation. This functionality is most useful when shifting the
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4-2 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
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Data Format Options
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results of a multiply/accumulate operation since it decreases the number
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of required data moves.
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SR = SR + AX0 * AY0 (SS);
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SR = SR + SR1 * AY0 (SS);
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Data Format Options
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Multiplier operations require the instruction to specify the data format of
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the input operands (either signed or unsigned) or specify that the multi-
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plier rounds (RND) the product of two signed operands.
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All data format options, except the round option ( RND), which affects the
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product stored in the result register, specify the format of both input oper-
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ands in x/y order. The data format options are:
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• (RND) Round value in result register.
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When overflow occurs, rounds the product to the most significant
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twenty-four bits—SR2/SR1 or MR2/MR1 represent the rounded 24-bit
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result. Otherwise, rounds bits 31:16 to sixteen bits—MR1 or SR1 con-
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tain the rounded 16-bit result.
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With (RND) selected, the multiplier considers both input operands
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signed (twos complement). If the DSP is in fractional mode
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(MSTAT:M_MODE = 0), the multiplier rounds the result after adjusting
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for fractional data format. For details, see “Numeric Format Modes”
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on page 4-6.
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The DSP provides two rounding modes, biased and unbiased, to
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support a variety of application algorithms. For details, see “Round-
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ing Modes” on page 4-4.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-3
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MAC Instructions
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• (SS) Both input operands are signed numbers. Signed numbers
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are in twos complement format.
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You use this option to multiply two signed single-precision numbers
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or to multiply the upper portions of two signed multiprecision
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numbers.
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• (SU) X-input operand is signed; y-input operand is unsigned.
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You use this option to multiply a signed single-precision number by
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an unsigned single-precision number.
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• (US) X-input operand is unsigned; y-input operand is signed.
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You use this option to multiply an unsigned single-precision num-
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ber by a signed single-precision number.
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• (UU) Both input operands are unsigned numbers. Unsigned num-
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bers are in ones complement format.
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You use this option to multiply two unsigned single-precision num-
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bers or to multiply the lower portions of two signed multiprecision
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numbers.
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Rounding Modes
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Rounding operates on the boundary between bits 15 and 16 of the 40-bit
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adder result. The multiplier directs the rounded output to either the MR
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or the SR result registers.
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The ADSP-219x provides two modes for rounding. The rounding algo-
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rithm is the same for both modes, but the final results can differ when the
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product equals the midway value (MR0 = 0x8000).
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In both methods, the multiplier adds 1 to value of bit 15 in the adder
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chain. But when MR0 = 0x8000, the multiplier forces bit 16 in the result
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output to 0. Although applied on every rounding operation, the result of
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this algorithm is evident only when MR0 = 0x8000 in the adder chain.
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4-4 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
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Data Format Options
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The rounding mode determines the final result. The BIASRND bit in the
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ICNTL register selects the mode. BIASRND = 0 selects unbiased rounding,
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and BIASRND = 1 selects biased rounding.
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• Unbiased rounding Default mode. Rounds up only when
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MR1/SR1 set to an odd value; otherwise,
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rounds down. Yields a zero large-sample bias.
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• Biased rounding Always rounds up when MR0/SR0 is set to
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0x8000.
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Table 4-1 shows the results of rounding for both modes.
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Table 4-1. MR result values
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MR Value before RND Biased RND Result Unbiased RND Result
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00-0000-8000 00-0001-0000 00-0000-0000
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00-0001-8000 00-0002-0000 00-0002-0000
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00-0000-8001 00-0001-0001 00-0001-0001
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00-0001-8001 00-0002-0001 00-0002-0001
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00-0000-7FFF 00-0000-FFFF 00-0000-FFFF
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00-0001-7FFF 00-0001-FFFF 00-0001- FFFF
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Unbiased rounding, preferred for most algorithms, yields a zero large-sam-
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ple bias, assuming uniformly distributed values. Biased rounding supports
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efficient implementation of bit-specified algorithms, such as GSM speech
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compression routines.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-5
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MAC Instructions
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Numeric Format Modes
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The multiplier can operate on integers or fractions. The M_MODE bit in the
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MSTAT register selects the mode. M_MODE = 0 selects fractional mode, and
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M_MODE = 1 selects integer mode.
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The mode determines whether the multiplier shifts the product before
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adding or subtracting it from the result register.
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• Integer mode 16.0 integer format
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The LSB of the 32-bit product is aligned with the LSB of MR0/SR0.
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In multiply and accumulate operations, the multiplier sign-extends
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the 32-bit product (8 bits) then adds or subtracts that value from the
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result register to form the new 40-bit result.
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The multiplier sets the MV/SV overflow bit when the result falls out-
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side the range of −1 to +1−231.
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• Fractional mode 1.15 fraction format
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Fractions range from −1 to +1−215. The MSB of the product is
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aligned with the MSB of MR1/SR1. MR1-0/SR1-0 hold a 32-bit frac-
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tion (1.31 format) in the range of −1 to +1−231, while MR2/SR2 con-
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tains the eight sign-extended bits. In total, the MR/SR registers
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contains a fraction in 9.31 format.
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In multiply and accumulate operations, the multiplier adjusts the
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format of the 32-bit product before adding or subtracting it from
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the result register. To do so, the multiplier sign-extends the product
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(7 bits), shifts it one bit to the left, and then adds or subtracts that
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value from the result register to form the new 40-bit result.
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The multiplier sets the MV/SV overflow bit when the result falls out-
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side the range of −1 to +1−231.
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4-6 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
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Status Flags
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Status Flags
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Two status flags in the ASTAT register record the status of multiplier opera-
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tions. MV = 1 records an overflow or underflow state when MR is the
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specified result register, and SV = 1 records an overflow or underflow state
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when SR is the specified result register.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-7
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MAC Instructions
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Multiply
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MR = DREG1 * DREG2 ( RND ) ;
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SR SS
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SU
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US
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UU
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[IF COND] MR = XOP * YOP ( RND ) ;
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SR XOP SS
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SU
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US
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UU
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FUNCTION
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Multiplies the input operands and stores the result in the specified result
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register. Optionally, inputs may be signed or unsigned, and output may be
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rounded. For more information on input and output options, see “Data
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Format Options” on page 4-3.
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If execution is based on a condition, the multiplier performs the multipli-
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cation only if the condition evaluates true, and it performs a NOP operation
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if the condition evaluates false. Omitting the condition forces uncondi-
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tional execution of the instruction.
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4-8 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
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Multiply
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INPUT
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For the unconditional form of this instruction, you can use any of these
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data registers for the DREG inputs:
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Register File
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AX0, AX1, AY0, AY1, AR, MX0, MX1, MY0, MY1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1, SR2, SI
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For the conditional form of this instruction, the input operands are
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restricted. Valid XOP and YOP registers are:
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Xops Yops
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AR, MX0, MX1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1 MY0, MY1, SR1, 0
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OUTPUT
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MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
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only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
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either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
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operation.
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SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
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x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
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MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
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unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
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STATUS FLAGS
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Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
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MV (if MR used), SV (if SR used) AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS
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For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-9
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MAC Instructions
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DETAILS
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This instruction provides a squaring operation (XOP*XOP and DREG1*DREG1)
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that performs single-cycle X2 and ΣX2 functions. In squaring operations,
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you must use the same register for both x-input operands.
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You cannot use DREG form of the multiply instruction in multifunction
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instructions.
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EXAMPLES
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MR = AY0 * SI (RND); /* mult DREGs, round result */
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SR = AX0 * MX1 (SS); /* mult DREGs, signed inputs */
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IF MV MR = MX0 * MY0 (SU); /* mult signed X, unsigned Y */
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CCODE = 0x09; NOP; /* set CCODE for SV condition */
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IF SWCOND SR = MR0 * SR1 (UU); /* mult unsigned X and Y */
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SEE ALSO
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• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
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• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
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• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
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4-10 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
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Multiply with Cumulative Add
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Multiply with Cumulative Add
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MR = MR + DREG1 * DREG2 ( RND ) ;
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SR = SR SS
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SU
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US
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UU
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[IF COND] MR = MR + XOP * YOP ( RND ) ;
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SR = SR YOP XOP SS
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SU
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US
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UU
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FUNCTION
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Multiplies the input operands, adds the product to the current contents of
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the MR or SR register, and then stores the sum in the corresponding result
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register. Optionally, inputs may be signed or unsigned, and output may be
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rounded. For more information on input and output options, see “Data
|
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Format Options” on page 4-3.
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If execution is based on a condition, the multiplier performs the operation
|
||||
only if the condition evaluates true, and it performs a NOP operation if the
|
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condition evaluates false. Omitting the condition forces unconditional
|
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execution of the instruction.
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ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-11
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MAC Instructions
|
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INPUT
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For the unconditional form of this instruction, you can use any of these
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data registers for the DREG inputs:
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Register File
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AX0, AX1, AY0, AY1, AR, MX0, MX1, MY0, MY1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1, SR2, SI
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For the conditional form of this instruction, the input operands are
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restricted. Valid XOP and YOP registers are:
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Xops Yops
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AR, MX0, MX1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1 MY0, MY1, SR1, 0
|
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OUTPUT
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MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
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only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
|
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either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
|
||||
x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
|
||||
MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
|
||||
unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
MV (if MR used), SV (if SR used) AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS
|
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|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-12 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
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Multiply with Cumulative Add
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
This instruction provides a squaring operation (xop*xop and DREG*DREG)
|
||||
that performs single-cycle X2 and ΣX2 functions. In squaring operations,
|
||||
you must use the same register for both x-input operands.
|
||||
You cannot use unconditional (Dreg) form of the multiply instruction in
|
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multifunction instructions.
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EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
MR = MR + AX0 * SI (RND); /* mult DREGs, rnd output, sum */
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SR = SR + AX1 * MX0 (SS); /* mult DREGs, sign input, sum */
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IF MV MR = MR + MR0 * MY0 (SU);
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/* mult X/Yops, un/sign in, sum */
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||||
IF MV MR = MR + MR2 * MX1 (UU);
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/* mult X/Yops, unsign in, sum */
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||||
CCODE = 0x09; NOP; /* set CCODE for SV condition */
|
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IF SWCOND SR=SR+SR0*MY0 (US);
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/* mult X/Yops, un/sign in, sum */
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||||
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SEE ALSO
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||||
• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
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• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
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||||
• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
|
||||
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-13
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Multiply with Cumulative Subtract
|
||||
|
||||
MR = MR − DREG1 * DREG2 ( RND ) ;
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||||
SR = SR SS
|
||||
SU
|
||||
US
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||||
UU
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[IF COND] MR = MR − XOP * YOP ( RND ) ;
|
||||
SR = SR YOP XOP SS
|
||||
SU
|
||||
US
|
||||
UU
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
Multiplies the input operands, subtracts the product from the current
|
||||
contents of the MR or SR register, and then stores the result in the corre-
|
||||
sponding destination register. Optionally, inputs may be signed or
|
||||
unsigned, and output may be rounded. For more information on input
|
||||
and output options, see “Data Format Options” on page 4-3.
|
||||
If execution is based on a condition, the multiplier performs the operation
|
||||
only if the condition evaluates true, and it performs a NOP operation if the
|
||||
condition evaluates false. Omitting the condition forces unconditional
|
||||
execution of the instruction.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-14 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
Multiply with Cumulative Subtract
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
INPUT
|
||||
|
||||
For the unconditional form of this instruction, you can use any of these
|
||||
data registers for the DREG inputs:
|
||||
|
||||
Register File
|
||||
|
||||
AX0, AX1, AY0, AY1, AR, MX0, MX1, MY0, MY1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1, SR2, SI
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For the conditional form of this instruction, the input operands are
|
||||
restricted. Valid XOP and YOP registers are:
|
||||
|
||||
Xops Yops
|
||||
|
||||
AR, MX0, MX1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1 MY0, MY1, SR1, 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OUTPUT
|
||||
|
||||
MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
|
||||
only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
|
||||
either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
|
||||
x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
|
||||
MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
|
||||
unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
MV (if MR used), SV (if SR used) AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS
|
||||
|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-15
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
This instruction provides a squaring operation (xop*xop and DREG*DREG)
|
||||
that performs single-cycle X2 and ΣX2 functions. In squaring operations,
|
||||
you must use the same register for both x input operands.
|
||||
You cannot use unconditional (Dreg) form of the multiply instruction in
|
||||
multifunction instructions.
|
||||
EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
MR = MR - AX0 * SI (RND); /* mult DREGs, rnd output, sub */
|
||||
SR = SR - AX1 * MX0 (SS); /* mult DREGs, sign input, sub */
|
||||
|
||||
IF MV MR = MR - MR0 * MY0 (SU);
|
||||
/* mult X/Yops, un/sign in, sub */
|
||||
IF MV MR = MR - MR2 * MX1 (UU);
|
||||
/* mult X/Yops, unsign in, sub */
|
||||
CCODE = 0x09; NOP; /* set CCODE for SV condition */
|
||||
IF SWCOND SR=SR-SR0*MY0 (US);
|
||||
/* mult X/Yops, un/sign in, sub */
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
||||
• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
|
||||
• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
|
||||
• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-16 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
MAC Clear
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MAC Clear
|
||||
|
||||
[IF COND] MR = 0 ;
|
||||
SR
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
Sets the specified register to 0.
|
||||
If execution is based on a condition, the multiplier performs the operation
|
||||
only if the condition evaluates true, and it performs a NOP operation if
|
||||
the condition evaluates false. Omitting the condition forces unconditional
|
||||
execution of the instruction.
|
||||
INPUT
|
||||
|
||||
This instruction is a special case of xop * yop with the y-input operand set
|
||||
to 0.
|
||||
OUTPUT
|
||||
|
||||
MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
|
||||
only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
|
||||
either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
|
||||
x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
|
||||
MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
|
||||
unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-17
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
MV (cleared if MR used), SV (cleared if SR used) AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS
|
||||
|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
See description in “function” on page 4-17.
|
||||
EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
MR = 0; /* clears MR */
|
||||
SR = 0; /* clears SR */
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
||||
• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
|
||||
• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
|
||||
• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-18 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
MAC Round/Transfer
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MAC Round/Transfer
|
||||
|
||||
[IF COND] MR = MR (RND) ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[IF COND] SR = SR (RND) ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
Performs a multiply with cumulative add operation in which the y-input
|
||||
operand is 0 and the zero-product is added to the specified result register.
|
||||
Rounding (RND) directs the multiplier to round the entire 40-bit value
|
||||
stored in the result register, MR or SR.
|
||||
If execution is based on a condition, the multiplier performs the operation
|
||||
only if the condition evaluates true, and it performs a NOP operation if the
|
||||
condition evaluates false. Omitting the condition forces unconditional
|
||||
execution of the instruction.
|
||||
INPUT
|
||||
|
||||
This instruction is a special case of MR|SR + xop * yop with the y-input
|
||||
operand set to 0.
|
||||
OUTPUT
|
||||
|
||||
MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
|
||||
only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
|
||||
either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
|
||||
x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
|
||||
MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
|
||||
unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-19
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
MV (if MR used), SV (if SR used) AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS
|
||||
|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
The BIASRND bit in the ICNTL register determines the rounding mode.
|
||||
Refer to the section “Rounding Modes” on page 4-4 for more informa-
|
||||
tion. For a complete description of the MAC Round/ Transfer
|
||||
instruction, see the section “function” on page 4-19.
|
||||
EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
MR = MR (RND); /* round MR */
|
||||
IF EQ SR = SR (RND); /* round SR */
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
||||
• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
|
||||
• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
|
||||
• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-20 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
MAC Saturate
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MAC Saturate
|
||||
|
||||
SAT MR ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
SAT SR ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
Tests the MV (MAC overflow) or SV (shifter overflow) bit in the ASTAT reg-
|
||||
ister. If set ( 1), the multiplier saturates the low-order (31:0) bits of the
|
||||
40-bit MR or SR register; otherwise, the multiplier performs a NOP
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
INPUT
|
||||
|
||||
None.
|
||||
OUTPUT
|
||||
|
||||
MR Multiplier result register. Results are directly available for x input
|
||||
only in the next conditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation or as
|
||||
either x or y input in the next unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter
|
||||
operation.
|
||||
SR Multiplier feedback register. Results are directly available for either
|
||||
x ( SR0 and SR1) or y (SR1 only) input in the next conditional ALU,
|
||||
MAC, or shifter operation or as either x or y input in the next
|
||||
unconditional ALU, MAC, or shifter operation.
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS, MV, SV
|
||||
|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-21
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
The MAC saturation instruction provides control over a multiplication
|
||||
result that has overflowed or underflowed. It saturates the value in the
|
||||
specified register only for the cycle in which it executes. It does not enable
|
||||
a mode that continuously saturates results until disabled, like the ALU.
|
||||
Used at the end of a series of multiply and accumulate operations, the sat-
|
||||
uration instruction prevents the accumulator from overflowing.
|
||||
For every operation it performs, the multiplier generates an overflow sta-
|
||||
tus signal MV (SV when SR is the specified result register), which is recorded
|
||||
in the ASTAT status register. MV = 1 when the accumulator result, inter-
|
||||
preted as a signed (twos complement) number, crosses the 32-bit
|
||||
boundary, spilling over from MR1 into MR2. That is, the multiplier sets
|
||||
MV = 1 when the upper nine bits in MR are anything other than all 0s or all
|
||||
1s. Otherwise, it sets MV = 0.
|
||||
|
||||
The operation invoked by the saturation instruction depends on the over-
|
||||
flow status bit MV (or SV) and the MSB of MR2, which appear in Table 4-2.
|
||||
If MV/SV = 0, no saturation occurs. When MV/SV = 1, the multiplier exam-
|
||||
ines the MSB of MR2 to determine whether the result has overflowed or
|
||||
underflowed. If the MSB = 0, the result has overflowed, and the multiplier
|
||||
saturates the MR register, setting it to the maximum positive value. If the
|
||||
MSB = 1, the result has underflowed, and the multiplier saturates the MR
|
||||
register, setting it to the maximum negative value.
|
||||
|
||||
Table 4-2. Saturation Status Bits & Result Registers
|
||||
|
||||
MV/SV MSB of MR2/SR2 MR/SR Results
|
||||
|
||||
0 0 No change.
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 No change.
|
||||
|
||||
1 0 00000000 0111111111111111 1111111111111111
|
||||
|
||||
1 1 11111111 1000000000000000 0000000000000000
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-22 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
MAC Saturate
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Do not permit the result to overflow beyond the MSB of MR2. Otherwise,
|
||||
the true sign bit of the result is irretrievably lost, and saturation may not
|
||||
produce a correct result. To reach this state, however, takes more than 255
|
||||
overflows (MV type).
|
||||
EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
SAT MR; /* saturate MR */
|
||||
SAT SR; /* saturate SR */
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
||||
• “Type 9: Compute” on page 9-27
|
||||
• “Condition Code (CCODE) Register” on page 2-6
|
||||
• “Mode Status (MSTAT) Register” on page 2-11
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-23
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Generate MAC Status Only: NONE
|
||||
|
||||
[NONE =] <MAC Operation> ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FUNCTION
|
||||
|
||||
Performs the indicated unconditional MAC operation but does not load
|
||||
the results into the MR or SR result registers. Generates MAC status flags
|
||||
only. You can use this instruction to set MAC status without disturbing
|
||||
the contents of the MR and SR result registers.
|
||||
INPUT
|
||||
|
||||
XOP Limits the registers for the x input operand. Valid XOP registers are:
|
||||
|
||||
Xops
|
||||
|
||||
AR, MX0, MX1, MR0, MR1, MR2, SR0, SR1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
YOP Limits the registers for the x input operand. Valid YOP registers are:
|
||||
|
||||
Yops
|
||||
|
||||
MY0, MY1, SR1, 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OUTPUT
|
||||
|
||||
None. Generates MAC status flags only.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-24 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
Generate MAC Status Only: NONE
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
STATUS FLAGS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Affected Flags–set or cleared by the operation Unaffected Flags
|
||||
|
||||
MV AZ, AN, AV, AC, AS, AQ, SS, SV
|
||||
|
||||
For information on these status bits in the ASTAT register, see Table 2-2 on page 2-5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
DETAILS
|
||||
|
||||
You can use any unconditional MAC operation to generate MAC status
|
||||
flags.
|
||||
EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
MX0 * MY0; /* generate status from mult */
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
||||
• “Type 8: Compute | Dreg1 «··· Dreg2” on page 9-26.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference 4-25
|
||||
MAC Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4-26 ADSP-219x Instruction Set Reference
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user